Arabic Women's Names from al-Andalus

by Juliana de Luna (Julia Smith)

© 2008 Julia Smith; all rights reserved
last updated 23May08

Women's names are often difficult to locate in Arabic contexts; our main sources for information about names are biographical dictionaries and public documents which rarely mention women, and when they do mention women, often only describe them in terms of their relationships to men. However, women are not entirely invisible in the historical record. Below is a list of names found in records from al-Andalus, as described in Manuela Marín's Mujeres en al-Andalus and the Estudios Onomastico-Biograficos de al-Andalus.

While using a woman's given name is considered somewhat rude in certain parts of the Arabic world today, there is no evidence that that was true in al-Andalus in period, and considerable evidence against it, as many women's given names were recorded in a variety of documents.

The first list here are the names of free women. Diminutives derived from a given name are found beneath them. Diminutives seem to have been relatively uncommon early in this period, but became more common at the end of this period. By the sixteenth century, many diminutive forms of names can be found. Those names which are not Arabic in origin are marked in the text: * indicates that the name is Berber (or some other North African language) in origin, † indicates that the name is Spanish (or some other Romance language) in origin.

`Ā'ishaBarakaHindMut`aSakan
   `ĀyshūnaBazī`aHushaymaMuzāḥimaSalma
   `ĪshūshBurayhaIdlālMuznaSalwa
`ĀtikaButhaynaIhtizāz   MuzaynaSamra
`AbdaḌanāIshrāqNajātSatāra
`ĀfiyaDhūna†I`timādNajmṢawwāb
`AzīzaElvira†JālidaNajmaSayyida
   `AzizaFāṭimaJamāl/ḤulalNazhūnShams
`Ubayda   FaṭhūnaJamīlaNiẓāmal-Shifā'
`Ulla   FuṭaymaJawrā'/Ḥawrā'Nu'aymaSu`ād
`UtayqaFahr/FajrKanzaNuwayraṢubḥ
ĀminaFannūKarīmaNuzhaSukayna
   UmaynaFatnaKindaQasmūnaal-Ṣūra
Amat al-`AzīzFaynānLabbunaQusaymaTahr
Amat al-`IzzGālibaLaylaRāḍiyaTahtazz
Amat al-JāliqGamāmaLidhdhaRāḥ*Tāgīshit
Amat al-MalikGāniyaLubnaRashīdaṬarūb
Amat al-RaḥīmGislānMaḥabbaRasīsTkfāt/Kafāt*
Amat al-RaḥmānḤabībaMahjūnaRa'y(Ṭ)ūna
Amat al-RabbḤabāb/ḤubābaMakkīyaRayḥāna`Ubayda
Amat al-WahhābḤafṣaMarjān/MahrajānRuḥayma`Ulla
AmīraHadījaMaryamRumayla`Ulayya
Arwa (Yemeni name)ḤakīmaMaṣābīḥRuqayyaUmayma
Asmā'Ḥalāwa*Ma`shūqSa`dūnaUrrāka†
   AsmūnaḤamda/ḤamdūnaMaymūnaSa`ādaUsaymā'
   AsmūnīyaḤamīdaMayyaSa`da`Utayqa
Athl*ḤassānaMu'ammaraSa`dūnaWājid
Awriya†Ḥawā'Mu'minaṢafīyaWallāda
Ayluh†HayālMuhjaSa`īdaZahra
al-Bahā'HayzurānMūnaSāra†Zaynab
Balāg

Feminine isms found only for slaves

Meanings are given for some names because many slaves have names that are transparent in meaning or otherwise odd.

`Abīda
`Afrā''red gazelle'
`Āj'marble'
`Ajab'marvelous'
`Alam'signal, sign'
`Ashshār
`Ātib'quarrelsome'
`Atīqman's name used for slave woman
`Azīzman's name used for slave woman
al-Ajfā''the thin'
al-Arākakind of tree
al-Bahā''beauty'
al-Shifā''curing'
al-Yāsamīn'jasmine'
al-Zahrā''splendid faced'
Amal'hope'
Āna'Ana' (Sicilian slave - only case of keeping original name)
Athlkind of tree
Badhl'gift'
Badī`'astonishing'
Bahār'sweet smelling plant'
Bahja'beauty'
Balāg'enough'
Banafsaj'violet'
Barīra
Bazī`'amusing'
Bazī`a'amusing'
Bid`a'novelty'
Buhayr'little beauty' (from Bahr)
Bustān'garden'
Da`jā''big black eyes'
Dḥanā''smallness'
Dhayl'complement'
Durr'pearl'
Faḍl'grace, merit'
Fajr'dawn'
Fajr'honor, excellence'
Fātik
Fātin
Fatyān'seduction'
Fawz'victory'
Faynān'having abundant hair'
Gāya'objective, goal'
Gizlān'gazelles'
Ḥabāb'loved'
Ḥalāwa'sweetness'
Ḥalh.al'agitation'
Ḥawrā''having dark eyes with striking white contrast'
Ḥulal'tunics'
Ḥur'having dark eyes with striking white contrast'
Halwa'solitude'
Hayāl'fantasy's
Hulla'friendship'
Humān'melted snow'
Hunayda
`Iṭr'perfume'
I`timād'trust'
Idlāl'boldness'
Ihtizāz'path of a falling star'
Ishrāq'luster, sparkle'
Jadī`'deceitful'
Jamāl'beauty'
Jawdhar'calf'
Jawhara'jewel'
Jayhān
Karīma
Kitmān'discretion'
Kulthūm'fat-cheeked'
Layla'night'
Ma`sūq'loved'
Mahāriq'embelesos'
Mahua'soul, life'
Majd'glory, fame'
Mājin'shameless'
Malak'angel'
Marjān'coral'
Maṣābīh.'lamps'
Mayya'monkey'
Mu'ammara
Mudaththara
Mujtāla'cheater, imposter'
Mulḥa'prosperity'
Mūna'provisions'
Mushtāq'desired'
Mustaẓraf'luxurious'
Mut`a'pleasure'
Mutayyam'captive of love'
Muzna'rain'
Najm'star'
Narjis'narcissus'
Nu`m'prosperity, happiness'
Nūr'light'
Nuzha'pleasure'
Qalam'cálamo'
Qamar'moon'
Qurayshname of an Arabic tribe
Radāḥ'slim hipped'
Ragad'opulence'
Rāḥa'sosiego'
Rayyān'myrtle'
Riḍwān'satisfaction'
Ṣubh.'dawn, aurora'
Sakra
Salma'plant'
Sha`n'dignity'
Shanf'earring'
Sharaf'honor'
Sharīq'brilliant'
Shu`ā'
Siḥr'enchanting'
Sulwān'shell'
Ṭarab'embeleso'
Ṭarūb'happy'
Ṭulal'sherbert'
Tamām'perfection'
Thurayyā'Pleiades'
`Ula
`Uqār'luxurious clothes'
`Utba
Ward'rose'
Widād'lovers'
Ya`farman's name used for slave woman
Ẓubīya'little gazelle'
Zahr'flower'
Zuhr
Zujruf'adornment'
Zumurrud'emerald'
Zumurruda